Main parameter indicators of tire standards:

These define the physical geometry of the tire and its compatibility with a wheel rim.
A: Section Width: The width of the tire from sidewall to sidewall, measured in millimeters (e.g., 205 in 205/55R16).
B: Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the tire's sidewall height to its section width, expressed as a percentage (e.g., 55 in 205/55R16). A lower number means a shorter, stiffer sidewall.
C: Rim Diameter: The diameter of the wheel rim that the tire is designed to fit, measured in inches (e.g., 16 in 205/55R16).
D: Overall Diameter: The total height of the inflated tire. Critical for ensuring it doesn't rub against the vehicle's wheel well.
E: Loaded Radius & Section Height: Precise measurements of the tire's dimensions under load, important for vehicle dynamics.

This indicates how much weight a tire can safely support.
Load Index (LI): A numerical code (e.g., 91, 102, 121) that corresponds to a specific maximum load capacity in kilograms or pounds. For example, a load index of 91 can carry 615 kg (1,356 lbs). This is a mandatory marking.

This indicates the maximum speed a tire can sustain under its rated load.
Speed Symbol (or Speed Rating): A letter code (e.g., T, H, V, W, Y) that denotes the maximum speed the tire can maintain. For example, 'H' is rated for 210 km/h (130 mph), and 'W' for 270 km/h (168 mph). This is a mandatory marking.

Standards mandate a series of rigorous tests to prove a tire can perform safely under extreme conditions. Key tests include:
A: High-Speed Test: Verifies the tire's integrity when run at its maximum speed rating for a sustained period.
B: Endurance Test: Simulates long-distance driving to ensure the tire doesn't fail from wear and heat buildup over time.
C: Strength (Plunger) Test: A steel plunger is forced into the tire to check its resistance to impacts and punctures.
D: Tread Wear Indicators (TWI): Mandates the inclusion of small raised bars in the tread grooves that become flush with the tread when the tire is worn to the legal limit of 1.6mm.
E: Wet Grip/Braking Performance: Measures the tire's stopping distance on a wet surface. This is a cornerstone of the EU tire label and ECE regulations.
F: Rolling Resistance: Measures the energy lost as the tire rolls, which directly impacts fuel efficiency and EV range.
G: Noise Emission: Measures exterior noise generated by the tire, in decibels (dB).

These are the visual indicators that a tire meets the legal standards of a particular market.
DOT Code (U.S. Standard): Signifies compliance with U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) safety standards. The code includes a plant code, size code, and manufacturing date.
ECE Mark (European Standard): A circle with an "E" and a number (e.g., E4) indicating approval under ECE regulations (e.g., R30 for passenger tires) by a specific country.
CCC Mark (Chinese Standard): The China Compulsory Certificate mark is required for tires sold in China.
TUBELESS or TUBE TYPE: Indicates whether the tire requires an inner tube.